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We have compiled a list of articles on research and treatment of CRPS. You may use this for your personal use, put please heed the following warning concerning copyright compliance:

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Children
Author: de Rooij AM, de Mos M, Sturkenboom MCJM, Marinus J, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, van Hilten JJ
Title: Familial occurrence of complex regional pain syndrome
Source: Euro J Pain. 2008 (In press).

Author: Finiss DG, Murphy PM, Brooker C, Nicholas MK, Cousins MJ
Title: Complex regional pain syndrome in children and adolescents
Source: Eur J Pain. 2006.

Author: Genc H, Karagoz A, Saracoglu M, Sert E, Erdem HR
Title: Complex regional pain syndrome type-I after rubella vaccine
Source: Eur J Pain. 2005;9:517-520.

Author: Higashimoto T, Baldwin EE, Gold JI, Boles RG
Title: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy: Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 in children with mitochondrial disease and maternal inheritance
Source: Arch Dis Child. 2008;93:390-397.

Author: Lebel A, Becerra L, Wallin D, et al
Title: fMRI reveals distinct CNS processing during symptomatic and recovered complex regional pain syndrome in children
Source: Brain. 2008;131:1854-1874.

Author: Littlejohn GO
Title: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in adolescents: lessons for adults (Editorial)
Source: Arthritis Rheum. 2004;51(2):151-153.

Author: Low AK, Ward K, Wines AP
Title: Pediatric Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Source: J Pediatr Orthop. 2007;27(5):567-572.

Author: Olsson GL, Meyerson BA, Linderoth B
Title: Spinal cord stimulation in adolescents with complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I)
Source: Euro J Pain. 2008;12:53-59.

Author: Sethna NF, Meier PM, Zurakowski D, Berde CB
Title: Cutaneous sensory abnormalities in children and adolescents with complex regional pain syndromes
Title: Pain. 2007;131:153-161.

Author: Sherry DD, Wallace CA, Kelley C, Kidder M, and Sapp Lyn
Title: Short-and Long-term Outcomes of Children with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I Treated with Exercise Therapy
Source: Clin J Pain. 1999;15:218-223.

Author: Stanton-Hicks MD, Kapural L
Title: An Effective Treatment of Severe Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 in Child Using High Doses of Intrathecal Ziconotide (Letter to the Editor)
Source: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2006;6:509-510.

Author: Wilder RT, Berde CB, Wolohan M, Vieyra MA, Masek B, Michell LJ
Title: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy in Children
Source: J Bone Joint Surg. 1992;7:910-918.

Author: Wilder RT
Title: Management of pediatric patients with CRPS
Source:Clinl J Pain. 2006;5:443-448.

Chronic Pain and the Emergency Department
Author: Beth Israel Medical Center
Title: EMPainline: A resource for pain management and emergency medicine

Author: Ducharme J
Title: Clinical Guidelines and Policies: Can the Improve Emergency Department Pain Management?
Source: J Law Med Ethics: Pain Manage Emerg Department. 2005;3(4):783-790.

Author: Meyer ML, Todd KH
Title: Chronic Pain and the ER Visit
Source: RSDSA Review. 2006;19(2):8-9.

Author: Todd KH
Title: Chronic Pain and Aberrant Drug-Related Behavior in the Emergency Department
Source: J Law Med Ethics: Pain Manage Emerg Department. 2005;3(4):761-769.

Author: Wilsey BL, Fishman SM, Ogden C
Title: Prescription Opioid Abuse in the Emergency Department
Source: J Law Med Ethics: Pain Manage Emerg Department. 2005;3(4):770-782.

Chronic Pain Issues
Author: Baron MJ, McDonald PW
Title: Significant pain reduction in chronic pain patients after detoxification from high-dose opioids
Source: J Opioid Manage. 2006;2:5:277-281.

Author: Dworkin RH, O'Connor AB, Backonja M, et al
Title: Pharmacologic management of neuropathic pain: Evidence-based recommendations
Source: Pain. 2007;132:237–251.

Author: Gottschalk A, Raja SN
Title: Severing the Link between Acute and Chronic Pain
Source: Anesthesiol. 2004;101:1063-1065.

Author: Kannerstein D, Whitman S
Title: Surviving a Loved One's Chronic Pain
Source: Pract Pain Manage. 2007; Jan/Feb:48-52.

Author: Jones-London M
Title: Expectations of Pain: I Think, Therefore I Am
Source: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Author: Meisner JG, Waldron JB, Sawynok J
Title: Alpha1-Adrenergic Receptors Augment P2X3 Receptor-Mediated Nociceptive Responses in the Uninjured State
Source: J Pain. 2007;8(7):556-562.

Author: Nampiaparampil DE
Title: Prevalence of Chronic Pain After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Source: JAMA. 2008;300(6):711-719.

Author: Paice JA
Title: Sexuality and Chronic Pain
Source: Am Chronic Pain Soc Chron.

Author: Schwartz R
Title: Weather Sensitive Pain

Author: Trescot AM, Boswell MV, Atluri SL, et al
Title: Opioid Guidelines in the Management of Chronic Non-cancer Pain
Source: Pain Physician. 2006;9:1-40.

Author: Webster LR, Fakata KL, Charapata S, Fisher R, MineHart M
Title: Open-Label Multicenter Study of Combined Intrathecal Morphine and Ziconotide: Addition of Morphine in Patients Receiving Ziconotide for Severe Pain
Source: Pain Med. 2003;9(3):282-290.

Author: Wise C
Title: Back Pain and Common Musculoskeletal Problems
Source: WebMD, Sci Am Med. 2003.

Author: Witonsky A, Whitman SM
Title: Puzzling Pain Conditions: How Philosophy Can Help Us Understand Them
Source: Pain Med. 2005;6:315-322.

Author: Ziegler PP
Title: Addiction and the Treatment of Pain
Source: Subst Use Misuse. 2005;40:1945-1954.

Complications
Author: Davis A
Title: Wounds that Won't Heal
Source: RSDSA Review. Spring 2008.

Author: Goris RJA
Title: Skin Complications in RSD patients

Author: Greipp ME, Thomas AF
Title: Skin Lesions Occurring in Clients with Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome
Source: J Neurosci Nurs. 1994;26:340-341.

Author: Rijkers K, van Aalst J, Kurt E, et al
Title: Effect of spinal cord stimulation in Type I complex regional pain syndrome with 2 rare severe cutaneous manifestations
Source: J Neurosurg. 2009;110:274-278.

Author: Swart CMA, Stins JF, Beek PJ
Title: Cortical changes in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
Source: Eur J Pain. 2008.

Author: Webster GF, Schwartzman RJ, Jacoby, RA, Knobler RL, Uitto JJ
Title: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy, Occurrence of Inflammatory Skin Lesions in Patients With Stages II and III Disease
Source: Arch Dermatol. 1991;127:1541-1544.

CRPS Overview
Author: Baron R, Fields HL, Janig W, Kitt C, Levine JD
Title: National Institutes of Health Workshop: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy/Complex Regional Pain Syndromes—State-of-the-Science
Source: Anesth Analg. 2002;95:1812-1816.

Author: Chen Y, Kelly J
Title: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy: A Case of Total Body Pain
Source: Nurse Practitioner. 2007;32(9):8-10.

Author: Chung OY, Bruehl S
Title: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Source: Curr Treatment Options Neurol. 2003;5.

Author: de Mos, Huygen FJPM, Dieleman JP, Koopman JSHA, Stricker BHCh, Sturkenboom MCJM
Title: Medical history and the onset of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
Source: Pain. 2008;In press.

Author: de Mos M, Sturkenboom MCJM, Huygen FJPM
Title: Current Understandings on Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Source: Pain Pract. 2009;9(2):86-99. Review.

Author: Dowd GSE, Hussein R, Khanduja V, Ordman AJ
Title: Complex regional pain syndrome with special emphasis on the knee
Source: J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 2007;89:B285-290.

Author: Dunn DG
Title: Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome, type 1: Part II
Source: AORN J. 2000;72(4):643-653.

Author: Groopman J
Title: When Pain Remains
Source: The New Yorker. Oct. 10, 2005

Author: Janig W, Baron R
Title: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome; Mystery Explained?
Source: Lancet Neurol. 2003;2:687-697.

Author: Maleki A, LeBel AA, Bennett GJ, Schwartzman RJ
Title: Patterns of spread in complex regional pain syndrome, type I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy)
Source: Pain 2000;88.

Author: Melis M, Zawawi K, Al-Badawi E, Logo SL, Mehta N
Title: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in the Head and Neck: A review of the Literature
Source: J Orofacial Pain. 2002;16:93-104.

Author: Miller RLS
Title: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
Source: Orthop Nurs. 2003;22:91-99.

Author: Mogilevsky M, Janig W, Baron R, Harden RN
Title: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome - A Multifaceted Disorder Requiring Multidimensional Care: Case Study
Source: J Pain. 2007;8(9):677-681.

Author: Moskovitz P
Title: When the Pain Just Won't Go Away
Source: Bottom Line Health. 2004 Aug:11-12.

Author: Oaklander AL
Title: RSD/CRPS: The end of the beginning (editorial)
Source: Pain. 2008; In press.

Author: Raja SN, Grabow TS
Title: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome I (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy)
Source: Anesthesiol. 2002;96:1254-1260.

Author: Schwartzman RJ, McLellan TL
Title: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy: A Review
Source: Arch Neurol. 1987;44:555-561.

Author: Turner-Stokes L
Title: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy—a complex regional pain syndrome
Source: Disability and Rehabilitation. 2002;24:939-947.

Author: van der Laan L, Goris RJA
Title: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy: A Exaggerated Regional Inflammatory Response?
Source: Hand Clinics. 1997;13:373-385.

CRPS and Pregnancy
Author: de Mos M, Huygen FJPM, Stricker BHCh, Dieleman JP, Sturkenboom MCJM
Title: Estrogens and the risk of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
Source: Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2009;18(1)44-52.

Author: Poncelet C, Perdu M, Levy-Weil F, Phillippe HJ, Nisand I
Title: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in pregnancy: nine cases and a review of the literature
Source: Euro J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1999;S6:55-63.

Author: Prager JP
Title: Clinical Q&A: CRPS and Parenthood
Source: RSDSA Review. 2007;20(2):12.

Author: Sergent F, Mouroko D, Sellam R, Mareau L
Title: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy involving the ankle in pregnancy: characteristics and therapeutic management
Source: Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2003;31:543-545.

Author: Zrigui J, Etaouil N, Mkinsi O
Title: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy and pregnancy: a case report
Source: Joint Bone Spine. 2002 May;69(3):342-344.

CRPS and other conditions
Author: Blaes F, Tschernatsch M, Braeu ME, et al
Title: Autoimmunity in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Source: Ann NY Acad Sci. 2007;1107:168-173.

Author: Chancellor MB, Shenot PJ, Rivas DA, Manel S, Schwartzman RJ
Title: Urological Symptomatology in Patients with Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
Source: J Urol. 1996;155:634-637.

Author: Das A, Puvanendran K
Title: Springomyelia and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome as Complications of Multiple Sclerosis
Source: Arch Neurol. 1999;56:1021-1024.

Author: Feler CA, Whitworth LA, Fernandez J
Title: Sacral neuromodulation for chronic pain conditions
Source: Anesthesiol Clin N Am. 2003;21:785-795.

Author: Janicki TI
Title: Chronic pelvic pain as a form of CRPS
Source: International Pelvic Pain Society. 2002. San Diego.

Author: Martinez-Lavin M
Title: Is Fibromyalgia a Generalized Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy?
Source: Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001;19:1-3.

Author: Mekhail N, Kapural LK
Title: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I in Cancer Patients
Source: Curr Rev Pain. 2000;4:227-233.

Author: Raja SN
Title: Motor dysfunction in CRPS and its treatment
Source: Pain. 2009; In press.

Author: Schwartzman RJ, Gurusinghe C, Gracely E
Title: Prevalence of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in a Cohort of Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Source: Pain Physician. 2008;11:133-136.

Author: Schwartzman RJ, Kerrigan J
Title: The movement disorder of reflex sympathetic dystrophy
Source: Neurol. 1990;40:57-61.

Author: Tsutsumi A, Horita T, Ohmuro J, et al
Title: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy in a Patient With the Antihospholipid Syndrome
Source: Lupus. 1999;8:471-473.

Author: van der Laan L, Goris RJA
Title: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy After a Burn Injury
Source: Burns. 1996.22;4:303-306.

Author: Zollinger PE, Tuinebreijer WE, Kreis RW, Breederveld RS
Title: Effect of vitamin C on frequency of reflex sympathetic dystrophy in wrist fractures: a randomised trial
Source: Lancet. 1999;354:2025–28.

CRPS and Surgery
Author: Brauser D
Title: Pregabalin Reduces Chronic Neuropathic Pain After Total Knee Replacement Surgery: Presented at ASA
Source: Doctor's Guide Dispatch. October 21, 2008.

Author: Cramer G, Young BM, Schwarzentraub DPM, Oliva CM, Racs G
Title: Preemptive Analgesia in Elective Surgery in Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Case Report
Source: J Foot Ankle Surg. 2002:39:387-391.

Author: Dellon AL, Andonian E, Rosson GD
Title: CRPS of the upper or lower extremity: surgical treatment outcomes
Source: J Brachial Plexus Peripheral Nerve Inj. 2009 Feb 20.

Author: Marx C, Wiedersheim P, Michel BA, Stucki G
Title: Preventing Recurrence of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy in Patients Requiring an Operative Intervention at the Site of Dystrophy after Surgery
Source: Clin Rheumatol. 2001;20:114-118.

Driving
Author: Chapman S
Title: The Effects of Opioids on Driving Ability in Patients With Chronic Pain
Source: APS Bulletin. 2001;11.

Author: ScienceDaily
Title: Driving Abilities Not Impaired By Moderate, Long-Term Pain Medication Use, Study Suggests
Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071123201438.htm

Author: Vainio A, Ollila J, Matikainen E, Roenberg P, Kalso E
Title: Driving ability in cancer patients receiving long-term morphine analgesia
Source: Lancet. 1995;356:667-670.

Author: van den Bosch G, de Doncker M, Vercruysse P, Maeyaert J, Vissers K, Neels H
Title: Driving and intrathecal morphine administration
Source: Euro J Pain. 2001;5:443-447.

Epidemiology and Pathology
Author: Agarwal S, Broatch J, Raja SN
Title: Web-based Epidemiological Survey of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
A demographically-based epidemiological clinical study on CRPS diagnosis and treatment.

Author: Albrecht PH, Hines S, Eisenberg E, et al
Title: Pathologic alterations of cutaneous innervation and vasculature in affected limbs from patients with complex regional pain syndrome
Source: Pain. 2006;120:244-266.

Author: Allen G, Galer BS, Schwartz L
Title: Epidemiology of complex regional pain syndrome: a retrospective chart review of 134 patients
Source: Pain. 1998;80:259-266.

Author: Bruehl S, Chung OY
Title: How common is complex regional pain syndrome Type I?
Source: Pain. 2007;129:1-2.

Author: Choi YS, Lee MG, Lee HM, et al
Title: Epidemiology of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Retrospective Chart Review of 150 Korean Patients
Source: J Korean Med Sci. 2008;23:772-775.

Author: de Mos M, de Brijn AGJ, Huygen FJPM, Dieleman JP, Stricker BHC, Sturkenboom MCJM
Title: The incidence of complex regional pain syndrome: A population-based study
Source: Pain. 2007;129:12-30.

Author: de Mos M, Huygen FJPM, Stricker BHCh, Dieleman JP, Sturkenbook MCJM
Title: The association between ACE inhibitors and the complex regional pain syndrome: Suggestions for a neuro-inflammatory pathogenesis of CRPS
Source: Pain. 2009;142:218-224.

Author: Duman I, Dincer U, Taskaynatan MA, Cakar E, Tugcu I, Dincer K
Title: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: A retrospective epidemiological study of 168 patients
Source: Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26:1433-1437

Author: Janig W, Baron R
Title: Is CRPS I a neuropathic pain syndrome?
Source: Pain. 2006;120:227-229.

Author: Mailis A, Wade J
Title: Profile of Caucasian Women with Possible Genetic Disposition to Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy: A Pilot Study
Source: Clin J Pain. 1994;10:210-217.

Author: Pappagallo M, Rosenberg AD
Title: Epidemiology, Pathology, and Management of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Source: Pain Pract. 2001;1:11-20.

Author: Schwartzman RJ, Erwin KL, Alexander GM
Title: The Natural History of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Source: Clin J Pain. 2009;25:273-280.

Author: Sharma A, Agarwal S, Broatch J, Raja SN
Title: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Survey of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Source: Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009;34(2):110-115.

Author: van der Laan L, ter Laak HJ, Gabreels-Festen A, Goris RJA
Title: Complex regional pain syndrome type I (RSD). Pathology of skeletal muscle and peripheral nerve
Source: Am Acad Neurol. July 1998.

Impairment/Disability
Author: Arnoff GM, Harden N, Stanton-Hicks M, et al
Title: American Academy of Disability Evaluating Physicians (AADEP) Position Paper: Complex Regional Pain syndrome I (RSD): Impairment and Disability Issues
Source: Pain Med. 2002;3:274-288.

Title: Do you groan when you get a reflex sympathetic dystrophy case?
Source: Case Management Advisor. 2001;12:1-16.

Ketamine Treatment
Author: Correll GE, Maleki J, Gracely EJ, Muir JJ, Harbut RE
Title: Subanesthetic Ketamine Infusion Therapy: A Retrospective Analysis of a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Source: Pain Med. 2004;5:263-275.

Author: Deakin JFW, Lees J, McKie S, Hallak JEC, Williams SR, Dursun SM
Title: Glutamate and the Neural Basis of the Subjective Effects of Ketamine
Source: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65(2):154-164.

Author: Goldberg MR, Comsky R, Scaringe D, et al
Title: Multi-Day Low Dose Ketamine Infusion for the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Source: Pain Phys. 2005;8:175-179.

Author: Harbut RE, Correll GE
Title: Successful Treatment of a Nine-Year Case of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy) With Intravenous Ketamine-Infusion Therapy in a Warfarin-Anticoagulated Adult Female
Source: Am Acad Pain Med. 2002;3;147-155.

Author: Hocking G, Visser E, Shug S, Cousins M
Title: Ketamine: Does Life Begin at 40
Source: Pain. 2007;15.

Author: Hocking G, Cousins MJ
Title: Ketamine in Chronic Pain Management: An Evidence-Based Review
Source: Anesth Analg. 2003;97:1730-1739

Author: Hurley D
Title: Two approaches to ketamine move forward for complex regional pain
Source: Neurol Today. 2006;6(3):1:17-19.

Author: Kiefer RT, Rohr P, Ploppa A, et al
Title: Efficacy of Ketamine in Anesthetic Dosage for the Treatment of Refractory Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: An Open-Label Phase II Study
Source: Pain Med. 2008 Feb 5. E-pub ahead of print.

Author: Kiefer RT, Rohr P, Ploppa A, et al
Title: A Pilot Open-Label Study of the Efficacy of Subanesthetic Isometric S(+)-Ketamine in Refractory CRPS Patients
Source: Pain Med. 2008;9(1):44-54.

Author: Kiefer R, Rohr P, Ploppa A, Altemeyer K, Schwartzman RJ
Title: Complete Recovery from Intractable Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, CRPS-Type I, Following Anesthetic Ketamine and Midazolam
Source: Pain Pract. 2007;7:147–150.

Author: Koffler SP, Hampstead BM, Irani F, et al
Title: The neurocognitive effects of 5 day anesthetic ketamine for the treatment of refractory complex regional pain syndrome
Source: Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2007;22:719-729.

Author: Pasero C, McCaffrey M
Title: Ketamine
Source: Am J Nurs. 2005;105:60-64.

Author: Shirani P, Salamone AR, Schulz PE, Edmonson EA
Title: Ketamine Treatment for Intractable Pain in a Patient with Severe Refractory Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Case Report
Source: Pain Phys. 2008;11:3;339-342.

Author: Sunder RA, Toshniwal GR, Dureja GP
Title: Ketamine as an adjuvant in sympathetic blocks for management of Central sensitization following peripheral nerve injury
Source: J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj. 2008;3(22).

Author: Webster LR, Walker MJ
Title: Safety and Efficacy of Prolonged Outpatient Ketamine Infusions for Neuropathic Pain
Source: Am J Therapeutics. 2006;13:300-305.

Mirror Therapy and Graded Motor Imagery
Author: Gallagher K
Title: Mailbag: Mirror Therapy
Source: RSDSA Review. 2008;21(2):5.

Author: Lewis JS, Kersten P, McCabe CS, McPherson KM, Blake DR
Title: Body Perception Disturbance: A contribution to pain in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
Source: Pain. 2007;133:111-119.

Author: McCabe CS, Haigh RC, Ring EFJ, Halligan PW, Wall PD, Blake DR
Title: A controlled pilot study of the utility of mirror visual feedback in the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (type 1)
Source: Rheumatology. 2003;42:97-101.

Author: Moseley GL
Title: Graded motor imagery is effective for long-standing complex regional pain syndrome: a randomised controlled trial
Source: Pain. 2004;108:192-198.

Author: Moseley GL, Zalucki N, Birklein F, Marinus J, van Hilten JJ, Luomajoki H
Title: Thinking About Movement Hurts: The Effect of Motor Imagery on Pain and Swelling in People With Chronic Arm Pain
Source: Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59(5):623-631.

Author: Selles RW, Schreuders TAR, Stam HJ
Title: Mirror Therapy in Patients with Causalgia (Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type II) Following Peripheral Nerve Injury: Two Cases
Sources: J Rehabil Med. 2008;40:312-314.

Neuropathic Pain
Author: Dworkin RF, Backonja M, Rowbotham MC, et al
Title: Advances in Neuropathic Pain
Source: Arch Neurol. 2003;60:1524-1534.

Author: Jung BF, Ahrendt GM, Oaklander AL, Dworkin RH
Title: Neuropathic pain following breast cancer surgery: proposed classification and research update
Source: Pain. 2003;104:1-13.

Author: Horowitz SH
Title: Venipuncture-induced neuropathic pain: the clinical syndrome, with comparisons to experrmental nerve injury models
Source: Pain. 2001;94:225-229.

Author: Livengood JM
Title: Neuropathic Pain: A "Professional Patient's" Perspective
Source: Clin J Pain. 1996;12:90-93.

RSDSA-Funded Research
Author: Siegel SM, Lee JW, Oaklander AL
Title: Needlestick Distal Nerve Injury in Rats Models Symptoms of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Source: International Anesthesia Research Society. 2007;105:1820-1829.
Supported by Public Health Service grant NINDS R01NS42866, The Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Association of America, and the National Organization for Rare Disorders.

Rachel Tobias Young Investigator Award goes to Drs. Oaklander and Lee

RSDSA and American RSDHope Award Research Grant to the Children's Hospital of Los Angeles

Research
Author: Ackerman WE, Zhang JM
Title: Efficacy of Stellate Ganglion Blockade for the Management of Type 1 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Source: South Med J. 2006;99:1084-1088.

Author: Alexander GM, van Rijn MA, van Hilten JJ, Perreault MJ, Schwartzmann RJ
Title: Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in CRPS Source: Pain. 2005;116:213-219.

Author: Birklein F, Schmelz M
Title: Neuropeptides, neurogenic inflammation and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
Source: Neurosci Letters. 2008;437:199-202.

Author: Brunner F, Bachmann LM, Weber U, et al
Title: Complex regional pain syndrome 1 - the Swiss cohort study
Source: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2008;9:92.

Author: Ching DWT, McClintock A, Beswick F
Title: Successful Treatment With Low-Dose thalidomide in a Patient With Both Behcet's Disease and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I
Source: J Clin Rheumatol. 2003;9:96-98.

Author: de Klaver MJM, van Rijn MA, Marinus J, Soede W, de Laat JAPM, van Hilten JJ
Title: Hyperacusis in patients with complex regional pain syndrome related dystonia
Source: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. published online 30 Apr 2007.

Author: Devine KA, Kong SC, Neilly JBJ, Forrest EH
Title: An Unusual Presentation of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I
Source: Scottish Med J. 2007;52(4):54.

Author: Geha PY, Baliki MN, Harden RN, Bauer WR, Parrish TB, Apkarian AV
Title: The Brain in Chronic CRPS Pain: Abnormal Gray-White Matter Interactions in Emotional and Autonomic Regions
Source: Neuron. 2008;60:570-581.

Author: Goebel A, Stock M, Deacon R, Sprotte G, Vincent A
Title: Intravenous Immunoglobulin Response and Evidence for Pathogenic Antibodies in a Case of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Source: Ann Neurol. 2005;57(3):463-464.

Author: Huge V, Lauchart M, Forderreuther S, et al
Title: Interaction of Hyperalgesia and Sensory Loss in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I (CRPS I)
Source: PLoS ONE. 3(7):e2742.

Author: Kiralp MZ, Vural D, KlskinI, Ay H, Dursun H
Title: Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Source: J Int Med Res. 2004;32:258-262.

Author: Oaklander AL, Rissmiller JG, Gelman LB, Zheng L, Chang Y, Gott R
Title: Evidence of focal small-fiber axonal degeneration in complex regional pain syndrome-I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy)
Source: Pain. 2006;120:235-243.

Author: Pankaj A, Kotwal PP, Mittal R, Deepak KK, Bal CS
Title: Diagnosis of post-traumatic complex regional pain syndrome of the hand: current role of sympathetic skin response and three-phase bone scintigraphy
Source: J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2006;14(3):284-290.

Author: Schasfoort FC, Bussmann JBJ, Krijnen HJ, Stam HJ
Title: Upper limb activity over time in compelx regional pain syndrome type 1 as objectively measured with an upper limb-activity monitor: An explorative multiple case study
Source: Euro J Pain. 2006; 10;31-39.

Author: Uceyler N, Eberle T, Rolke R, Birklein F, Sommer C
Title: Differential expression patterns of cytokines in complex regional pain syndrome
Source: Pain. 2007;132:195–205.

Author: van der Laan L, Kapitein PJC, Oyen WJG, Verhofstad AAJ, Hendriks T, Goris RJA
Title: A Novel Animal Model to Evaluate Oxygen Derived Free Radical Damage in Soft Tissue
Source: Free Radical Res.1997;26:363-372.

Author: van Rijn MA, Munts AG, Marinus J, et al
Title: Intrathecal baclofen for dystonia of complex regional pain syndrome
Source: Pain. 2009; In press.

Author: Watkins L, Maier SF
Title: Beyond Neurons: Evidence that Immunce and Glial Cells Contribute to Pathological Pain States
Source: Physiol Rev. 2003;82:981-1011.

Author: Watkins LR, Maier, SP
Title: When Good Pain Turns Bad
Source: Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2003;12:232-236.

Spinal Cord Stimulation
Author: Bennett DS, Alo KM, Oakley J, Feler CA
Title: Spinal Cord Stimulation for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome I [RSD]: a Retrospective Nulticenter Experience from 1995 to 1998 of 101 patients
Source: Neuromodulation. 1999;2:202-210.

Author: Giller CA
Title: The Neurosurgical Treatment of Pain
Source: Arch Neurol. 2003;60:1537-1540.

Author: Grabow TS, Tella PK, Raja SN
Title: Spinal Cord Stimulation for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: An Evidence-Based Medicine Review of the Literature
Source: Clin J Pain. 2003;19:371-383.

Author: Hanks DT
Title: Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Pain: Observations from over 20 years' experience
Source: RSDSA Review. 2007;20(1):11,14.

Author: Harke H, Gretenkort P, Ladleif HU, Rahman S
Title: Spinal cord stimulation in sympathetically maintained complex regional pain syndrome type I with severe disability. A prospective clinical study
Source: Eur J Pain. 2005;9(4):363-373.

Author: Kemler MS, Barendse GAM, van Kleef M, et al
Title: Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients with Chronic Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
Source: N Engl J Med. 2000;343:618-624.

Author: Kemler MA, de Vet HCW, Barendse GAM, van den Wildenberg FAJM, van Kleef M
Title: Effect of spinal cord stimulation for chronic complex regional pain syndrome Type I: five-year final follow-up of patients in a randomized trial
Source: J Neurosurg. 2008;108:292-298.

Author: Kemler MA, de Vet HCW, Barendse GAM, van den Wildenberg FAJM, van Kleef M
Title: The Effect of Spinal Cord Stimualtion in Patients with Chronic Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy: Two Years' Follow-up of the Randomized Controlled Trial
Source: Ann Neurol. 2004;55:13-18.

Author: Olsson GL, Meyerson BA, Linderoth B
Title: Spinal cord stimulation in adolescents with complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I)
Source: Euro J Pain. 2008;12:53-59.

Author: Prager JP
Title: Spinal Cord Stimulation Q & A
Source: RSDSA Review. 2007;20(1):12-13.

Author: Rijkers K, van Aalst J, Kurt E, et al
Title: Effect of spinal cord stimulation in Type I complex regional pain syndrome with 2 rare severe cutaneous manifestations
Source: J Neurosurg. 2009;110:274-278.

Author: Stanton-Hicks M
Title: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Manifestations and the Role of Neurostimulation in Its Management
Source: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2006;31:S20-S24.

Author: Taylor RS, van Buyten J, Buchser E
Title: Spinal cord stimualtion for complex regional pain syndrome: A systematic review of the clinical and cost-effectiveness literature and assessment of prognostic factors
Source: Euro J Pain. 2006;10:91-101.

Author: Verdolin MH, Stedje-Larsen ET, Hickey AH
Title: Ten Consecutive Cases of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome of Less than 12 Months Duration in Active Duty United States Military Personnel Treated with Spinal Cord Stimulation
Source: Anesthesia Analgesia. 2007;104(6):1557.

Author: Wilner AN
Title: Timing of Spinal Cord Stimulation Use May Affect Efficacy
Source: Pain Med News. 2006;6:3.

Treatment
Author: Allen R, Koshi LR
Title: Excessive limb guarding may increase complex regional pain syndrome risk

Author: Arden RL, Bahu SJ, Zuazu MS, Berguer R
Title: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy of the Face: Current Treatment Recommendations
Source: Laryngoscope. 1998;108:437-442.

Author: Bandyk DF, Johnson BL, Kirkpatrick AF, et al
Title: Surgical Sympathectomy for Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndromes
Source: Paper presented at the 55th Annual Meeting of the Society for Vascular Surgery, Baltimore, MD. June 10-11, 2001.

Author: Bernateck M, Rolke R, Birklein F, Treede RD, Fink M, Karst M
Title: Successful Intravenous Regional Block with Low-Dose Tumor Necrosis Factor-[Alpha] Antibody Infliximab for Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome 1
Source: Int Anesth Res Soc. 2007;105(4):1148-1151.

Author: Breuer B, Pappagallo M, Ongseng, Chen CI, Goldfarb R
Title: An Open-label Pilot Trial of Ibandronate for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Source: Clin J Pain. 2008;24:685-689.

Author: Carlson LK and Watson HK
Title: Treatment of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Using the Stress-Loading Program
Source: J Hand Ther. 1988;149-154.

Author: Cooper DE, DeLee JC, Ramamurthy S
Title: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy of the Knee: Treatment using continuous epidurl anesthesia
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Author: Fukui S, Shigemori S, Yoshimura A, Nosaka S
Title: Chronic Pain with Beneficial Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Changes Assesed by Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Source: Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2002;27(2):211-213.

Author: Ghostine SY, Comair YG, Turner DM, Kassell NF, Azar, CG
Title: Phenoxybenzamine in the Treatment of Causalgia
Source: J Neurosurg. 1984;60:12631268.

Author: Goldstein DS, Tack C, Li ST
Title: Sympathetic Innervation and Function in Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
Source: Ann Neurol. 2000;48:49-59.

Author: Groeneweg G, Niehof S, Wesseldijk F, Huygen FJPM, Zijlstra FJ
Title: Vasodilative Effect of Isosorbide Dinitrate Ointment in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1
Source: Clin J Pain. 2008;24(1):89-92.

Author: Hill CS
Title: Government Regulatory Influences on Opioid Prescribing and Their Impact on the Treatment of Nonmalignant Origin
Source: J Pain Symptom Manage. 1996;11:287-298.

Author: Hogan CJ, Hurwitz SR
Title: Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome of the Lower Extremity
Source: J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2002;10:281-289.

Author: Hong CZ
Title: Treatment of Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Source: Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2006;10:345-349.

Author: Hord ED, Oaklander AL
Title: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Review of Evidence-supported Treatment Options
Source: Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2003;7:188-196.

Author: Inchiosa MA, Kizelshteyn G
Title: Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I with Oral Phenoxybenzamine: Rational and Case Reports
Source: Pain Pract. 2008; E-pub ahead of print.

Author: Kemler MA, Schouten HJA, Gracely RH
Title: Diagnosing Sensory Abnormalities with Either Normal Values or Values from Contraleteral Skin
Source: Anesthesiol. 2000;93:718-727.

Author: Mackey S, Feinberg S
Title: Pharmacologic Therapies for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Source: Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2007;11:38-43.

Author: Mak PHK, Irwin MD, Tsui SL
Title: Functional improvement after physiotherapy with a continuous infusion of local anaesthetics in patients with complex regional pain syndrome
Source: ACTA Anaesthesiol Scandinavica. 2003;47:94-97.

Author: Maleki A
Title: "Sensitization": Is There a Cure?
Source: Pain Med. 2002;3:294-297.

Author: Manchikanti L
Title: The Role of Radiofrequency in the Management of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Source: Curr Rev Pain. 2000;4:437-444.

Author: Mellick GA, Mellick LB
Title: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Treated With Gabapentin
Source: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78:98-100.

Author: Michaels F Jr.
Title: Right Unilateral Electroconvulsive Therapy Treatment for CRPS
Source: Pract Pain Manage. 2008 March;68-75.

Author: Peach G
Title: Hyperbaric oxygen and the reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome: a case report
Source: Hyperbaric Med. 1995:22:1-2.

Author: Perez RS, Pragt E, Geurts J, Zuurmond WW, Patijn J, van Kleef M
Title: Treatment of Patients With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I With Mannitol: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Study
Source: J Pain. 2008;9(8):678-686.

Author: Phillips ME, Katz JA, Harden RN
Title: The Use of Nerve Blocks in Conjunction With Occupational Therapy for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I
Source: Am J Occup Ther. 2000;54:544-549.

Author: Quisel A, Gill JM, Witherell P
Title: Complex regional pain syndrome: Which treatments show promise?
Source: J Fam Pract. 2005;54(7):599-603.

Author: Quisel A, Gill JM, Witherell P
Title: Complex regional pain syndrome underdiagnosed
Source: J Fam Pract. 2005;54(6):524-532.

Author: Robinson JN, Sandorn J, Chapman PT
Title: Efficacy of Pamidronate in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I
Source: Pain Med. 2004;5:276-280.

Author: Rowbotham MC
Title: Pharmacologic Management of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Source: Clin J Pain. 2006;22:425-429.

Author: Schwartz RG, Sagedy N
Title: Prolotherapy: A Literature Review and Retrospective Study
Source: J Neurol Orthop Med Surg. 1991;12:200-223.

Author: Schwartzman RJ
Title: Pathophysiology of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Development of New Treatments
Source: Pain Practitioner. 2007;17(4):10-19.

Author: Schwartzman RJ
Title: New Treatments for Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
Source: N Engl J Med. 2000:654-655.

Author: Schwartzman RJ, Patel M, Grothusen JR, Alexander GM
Title: Efficacy of 5-Day Continuous Lidocaine Infusion for the Treatment of Refractory Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Source: Pain Med. 2009;10(2):401-412.

Author: Sharma A, Williams, K, Raja SN
Title: Advances in treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: recent insights on a perplexing disease
Source: Curr Opinion Anaesthesiol. 2006;19:566-572.

Author: Sinis N, Birbaumer N, Gustin S, et al
Title: Memantine Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Preliminary Report of Six Cases
Source: Clin J Pain. 2007;23:237-243.

Author: Stanton-Hicks M, Baron R, Bovert B, et al
Title: Complex Regional Pain Syndromes: Guidelines for Therapy.
Source: Clin J Pain. 1998.14;2:155-166.

Author: Stanton-Hicks MD, Burton AW, Bruehl SP, et al
Title: An Updated Interdisciplinary Clinical Pathway for CRPS: Report of an Expert Panel
Source: Pain Pract. 2002;2:1-6.

Author: van Hilten JJ
Title: Treatment of Movement Disorders Associated with RSD/CRPS
Source: Presented at the International Update on CRPS, San Diego, CA, September 11, 2004.

Author: Wallace MS, Ridgeway BM, Leung AY, Gerayli JA, Yaksh TL
Title: Concentration—Effect Relationship of Intravenous Lidocaine on the Allodynia of Complex Regional Pain syndrome types I and II
Source: Anesthesiol. 2000;92:75-83.

Author: Wasner G, Schattschneider J, Binder A, Baron R
Title: Complex regional pain syndrome—diagnostic, mechanisms, CNS involvement and therapy
Source: Spinal Cord. 2003;41:61-75.

Author: Wolanin MW, Gulevski V, Schwartzman R
Title: Treatment of CRPS with ECT
Source: Pain Phys. 2007;10:573-578.

Other
Author: Stengler MA
Title: Natural Remedies for Constipation
Source: Bottom Line Health. 2006;15:9-10.

Updated June 29, 2009